Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid - Definizione delle prestazioni strutturali del fabbricato
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2016-08-21
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E.T.S. Arquitectura (UPM)
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The purpose of this document is to define the structural performance of the main building of the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, such performances will be evaluated according to the new technical standards for the construction described in the D.M. 14 January 2008 of the italian minister of infrastructures. Such decree summarizes in a single text and superseeds the preceiding group of ministerial decrees. The latter D.M. defines “principi per il progetto, l’esecuzione e il collaudo delle costruzioni nei riguardi delle prestazioni loro richieste in termini di requisiti essenziali di resistenza meccanica e stabilità, anche in caso di incendio e di durabilità” and “forniscono quindi i criteri generali di sicurezza, precisano le azioni che devono essere utilizzate nel progetto, definiscono le caratteristiche dei materiali e dei prodotti e, più in generale, trattano gli aspetti attinenti alla sicurezza strutturale delle opere”01 which can be summarized in the definition of thestate of the art for design and testing criteria of mechanical structures.
The school was opened to the public in 1936 and was part of a broader architectural projected that was meant to trigger the change in the modern architectural concept of campus, leading to the birth of the
"Ciudad Universitaria". The realization of the building is to be framed in the cultural and economical modernization effort performed by King Alfonso XIII starting in 1902 and meant to be the model-university symbolizing such modernization.
The "Ciudad Universitaria" extends over an aerea of 320 hectares situated outside of the north wester border of the City of Madrid, such choice of extension and position for this intervention were motivated by the deficitary situation of the architectural and academical context of the city at the time, moreover such choice was driven by the modernization effort mentioned above an the intention of carrying the north american campus into the Madrilean cultural background.
For the fullfillment of the ambitious project an indipendent bureau was constituted inside the state administration, such organism was supervised by the King himself and the technical management of
the opera was entrusted to the the architect Modesto López Otero. Despite his classicistic background the latter was keen on giving decisional autorithy over the project to an emerging group of young
architects known as the "generation '25", that represented the new progressive school thus making the project a "vanguard" in the european rationalism. The evident contrast between vanguard and academicism, summarized in that of the plan and the front of the building, is given by the transitional period in which the opera of the Ciudad Universitaria was designed. The building of the school of architecture, designed by Pascual Bravo Sanfeliù, was chosen among
many to represent those modernity traits that were clearly expressed in the plan although almost fading in the fronts.
The structural design of the buildings of the C.U. were entrusted to Eduardo Torroja Miret engineer, pioneering expert of reinforced concrete in Spain at the time, formerly designer of the infrastructures and sporting grounds of the intervention.
The three main artists mentioned above gave birth to the building opened in June 1936 and was left untouched for a few months, the same building, actually shows today the same characteristics but a
modified appearance as it hides the marks left by the Civil War, the Ciudad Universitaria was in fact transformed into a battlefield from the place of culture that it originally was.
From chapter 8 of the construction technical standards in force , “è stato seguito un approccio prestazionale, con l’adozione di poche regole di carattere generale e alcune indicazioni importanti per la correttezza delle diverse fasi di analisi, progettazione, esecuzione”02.
02 CIRCOLARE 2 febbraio 2009, n. 617 - Istruzioni per l'applicazione delle 'Nuove norme tecniche per le costruzioni' di cui al D.M. 14 gennaio 2008, Capitolo 8 In order analize the structural performance of the building it was chosen to undergo the "percorso conoscitivo" or recognitional process regulated by the par. 8.5 of the CTS. Such process indicates the procedures for safety evaluation and design of the interventions on pre-existing buildings and is structured in the following phases:
• documental-historical analysis, in order to achieve complete enough information on the
building history to acknowledge the different building phases;
• accurate mesurement of the volumes of the building and the consuption condition of the
materials;
• Analysis of the structural geometry, in order to acknowledge the structural hinges and keystones
deduced by the the fronts and map of the building;
• mechanical characterization of the materials deduced from the technical standard of the time of
construction and lab testing;
• Definition of the confidence level on the inferences precedently enlisted;
• Definition of the statical mathematical model of the building based on the data obtained in order
to analyze the statical response of the building;
•ultimately the design of eventual improvements to the structural stability of the building based
on the analysis of the possible criticalities encountered during the interpretation of the results obtained from the preceiding process of analysis.
Keywords
Arquitectura, Historia, Urbanismo
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https://oa.upm.es/43941/